Boltes, K. and González-Naranjo, V. (2013) Ecological risk assessment of ibuprofen in aquatic environments: an approach for complex mixture of contaminants. In: Ibuprofen: Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Uses and Adverse Effects. Nova Publishers, pp. 85-158. ISBN 978-1-62618-659-0
Full text not available from this repository.Abstract
Recently, it has been shown that conventional wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) cannot completely remove many organic micropollutants. The pharmaceuticals and personal Care Products, PPCPs, are extensively found in water environmental samples. In this group, ibuprofen and triclosan are very representative due to their persistency and ubiquity. Ibuprofen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic drug. It is an important non-prescription drug widely used. And triclosan, an antimicrobial chemical, is considered as persistent pollutant in the environment. Industrial chemicals and pesticide are also found in waters. The perfluorooctanoic acid, PFOA, very used in industry because of its chemical and thermal stability, and atrazine, an organochlorine herbicide, is extensively used in agriculture, and is included in lists of priority pollutants. The occurrence of any emerging contaminant, even at low concentrations, can lead to chronic health effects especially at highly contaminated sites, particularly when possible different effects of organic compounds mixtures could take place. Risk assessment of pharmaceuticals in environment needs toxicological information from different trophic levels, especially on non-target organisms. But the studies are usually focused on the evaluation of the effect of a single drug on each organism used. The studies about combined toxicity are very important because the organic pollutants residues found in environmental samples usually occur as mixtures, not as single contaminants and the ecotoxicity values obtained for individual substances do not provide a safe rule for mixtures. Original results of toxicological effects have been obtained for binary, ternary and quaternary mixtures (including ibuprofen) on green algae. The CI-isobologram equation was applied to obtain real toxicity data taking in account the type and level of interactions between pollutants studied. These parameters were used to carry out the risk assessment for aquatic environment due to the occurrence of ibuprofen solely and combined with other contaminants.
| Item Type: | Book Section |
|---|---|
| Subjects: | Q Science > QD Chemistry |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Engineering, Science and Mathematics > School of Chemistry |
| Depositing User: | Users 15 not found. |
| Date Deposited: | 04 Oct 2013 11:57 |
| Last Modified: | 04 Oct 2013 11:57 |
| URI: | http://eprints.imdea-agua.org:13000/id/eprint/299 |
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